The Effects of Sleep Deprivation - Adults

This week we will be looking at how adults can be affected by a lack of sleep - worryingly these effects are the same whether the deprivation is caused by insomnia or just trying to fit too much into your day.

Since the beginning of the last century great leaps in technology have promised us more time for leisure and activities we enjoy. Electricity and light-bulbs promised us that we could do more in the evenings and the early hours of darkness. Time to spend with family and loved ones, time to read and do other hobbies rather than going to bed soon after dusk.

In reality some of the advances have actually impacted the amount of time we spend asleep and the impact is increasing year on year. On average humans now sleep for about an hour less than we did 60 years ago.

Television was a great invention but used to switch off in the evenings, now it is available 24/7 and there is always another programme to watch. As the technology improved, TV's have now expanded into the bedroom and have an even bigger impact on sleep levels.

Now the internet and the sophistication of mobile technology means that we are connected to work all the time. The days of leaving work at 5pm and heading home for an evening with the family are diminishing, with only a few occupations left where this is possible. I remember my father being 'on call' one night a week and one weekend in four. This did impact our lives but for the other nights/weekends he was off duty. Now Doctors can be called all the time and are never off duty. This isn't just for the medical profession though - hands up who checks their emails one last time before going to bed, over the weekend or even when on holiday.

Computers have introduced and updated a new range of hobbies and pastimes. Several clients have reported to me that if they can not sleep they get up and play on-line games during the night. These range from card games and chess through to the latest shoot-em dead epic. The thing is they all stimulate the brain and delay the opportunity for falling back to sleep.

Sometimes we expect our brains and bodies to act like computers and switch on and off automatically. We go to bed, so stimulated - through technology, work, caffeine etc - and expect to fall asleep as soon as we hit the pillow. In fact our brains need time to wind down before being relaxed enough to sleep. In the 'old days' the sunset and darkness would be enough of a trigger but now artifical light (especially the lights on computers and kindles etc) stimulate the retinas at the back of hours and delay the sleep mechanisms of the brain kicking in. Reading your kindle, even on the low light setting, sends light directly to your eyes, whereas reading a book with a sidelight slightly behind you sends only the light reflected off the page to your eyes. A big difference.

In this world of physical perfection some people are getting up ever earlier to fit in a workout or run before they go to work. In fact I often see this being offered as a solution to people who say that they do not have the time to exercise during the day - paraphrasing somewhat it is along the lines of 'Get up an hour early and fit in your exercise as it is important to have a physically fit body.' However, unless done with care, the physical benefits of exercise are diminished -if not negated - by the physical effects of sleep deprivation.

So whether or not you have the classic insomnia and lie awake staring at the ceiling or you are getting less than the recommended 7 to 8 hours as you are burning the candle at both ends - the effects on your body are exactly the same.

Sleep deprivation portrays itself in the body in a variety of ways including -
Lethargy
Poor concentration
Decreased performance in both physical and mental tasks
Increase in appetite
Weight gain
Increased risk of heart problems
Increased risk of diabetes
increased risk of strokes

The problem for most sleep deprived adults is that the effects are accumulated over time. You do not get diabetes after just one night of poor sleep. In fact, after just one night of poor sleep you feel ok, it was not a problem and you feel as if you could do it again.
You may have been slower at work, or felt tired on the way home but these effects are diminished by taking caffeine or other stimulants. So you do it again. Pulling an all nighter to get a report done. Staying out late with your friends. Watching a late night TV programme.

In fact your body has been pulling out all the stops to help you feel normal and ok and it has the resources to do this and it these that are causing the long term damage that one day may show up as a heart problem.

When you are sleep deprived your hormones are affected including leptin - that suppresses your appetite causing you to eat more. (The science bit is here). So you may eat a little more after a bad night's sleep, so what? It is the accumulative effect that causes weight gain and the increased risk of diabeties, heart problems and strokes.

Constantly taking stimulants to keep your performance levels high at work may gradually become a cycle of stimulants to wake you and sedatives to help you sleep.

Also if you start feeling tired, you skip on the exercise, further impacting on the problems for your health.

Without becoming a social recluse - what can you do help get back into a normal, healthy sleep pattern?

Make a sleep a priority in your life
Work out how many hours sleep you need a night and start to work towards getting them
Cut out caffeine after 2pm
Stop drinking alcohol 2 hours before bedtime
Take technology out of the bedroom - computers, smartphones, kindles, TV's etc
Have a 'no screen time' hour before bed
Read proper books at bedtime, not kindles
Use things like a having a bath as a wind down time before going to bed
If needed have strategic naps but not too late in the afternoon
Record and watch favourite late night programs at a later date
Have a time limit on social events on 'school nights'

If you are aware of sleep deprivation and the affect it is having on your body, you are already one step along the path of changing your habits. Good luck in your journey.

Sweet dreams

 If you think you have a problem with sleep deprivation and would like help resolving it and do not know where to begin, then please contact me for a free consultation session. charlotte@charlottewelply.com

Lessons in advanced duvet stealing

This is more than a master class in duvet hogging - achieving this level will put you in the top rank of worldwide duvet hoggers with a swift, no-nonsense move that will ensure that you have all the duvet to yourself.

Please note - before taking this class you must have achieved pass marks in all former classes -

The 'One good turn takes most of the duvet' lesson
The 'Inch by inch through the night' lesson
The 'Turning the duvet 45°' lesson

Equipment needed -

One double bed
Two occupants
Two single duvets
Three pillows (minimum)

1 - During the night quietly drop your own duvet on the floor

2 - While lying on your side (facing away from your partner adds insult to their 'injury') reach behind you with your top arm and completely remove the duvet in one swift movement

3 - Quickly wrap it around yourself and refuse to give back when they pull on it and complain about suddenly being cold

4 - If your partner persists in complaining and pointing out that it is 'their' duvet - reach behind you again, take a spare pillow and place it on the top of their back

5 - (this is the genius move) Pat the pillow reassuring while murmuring nonsense in a quiet but loving voice, as if you are letting them know everything is ok

Once you have achieved this ultimate duvet hogging move, you will have life long status as an extreme duvet hogger! Good luck and practice hard!

Additional note - in theory it is possible to achieve this with one double duvet and requires the combination of the 'Inch by inch through the night' followed at the appropriate moment by a swift 'One good turn' manoeuver. Skill is needed in the judgment of how much duvet you have acquired during the 'Inch by inch' manoeuver before commencing the 'One good turn'.

Disclaimer -
The author is providing this lesson for information only and readers undertake practicing this lesson at their own risk. The author is not responsible for any results from following this lesson such as black eyes, bruised shins, being kicked out of bed, being made to sleep on the sofa or the termination of any relationships (this list is not exhaustive)

Sweet dreams!

The 5:2 Sleep Fest

There has been a lot of talk recently about the 5:2 diet and how it is a way to improve your health into old age and, that as an added consequence, participants lose weight (the natural side effect of being on a calorie restricted regime). I do not intend to go into depth about it in this post - but if you want more information then here is the TV programme that started it all.

The basic principle of the 5:2 fast is that you eat normally for 5 days of the week and restrict your calorie intake on two (non-consecutive) days of the week. This has proved to be one of the easiest type of fast to follow on a regular basis and, for the long term health benefits of a calorie restricted diet to be achieved, this needs to be a lifestyle change - not a short diet fad.

Since the awareness of this diet I have come across many articles proposing the 5:2 principle applying to other areas of our lives. For me, one of the most interesting was the use of technology for a young family and going without the internet for 2 days out of 5 to promote more family time. I am aware that I use too much technology and am quite nervous at the thought of being technology free for two days a week!

This got me thinking about applying this idea to sleep but following last week's theme of pampering ourselves to sleep, I thought about the 5:2 sleep fest, not fast!

In this fast paced world we are slowly becoming more sleep deprived and this is having a long term impact on our long term health. Alarmingly studies have shown that these effects start when achieving just 6 hours or less sleep a night.
So if you are someone who is aware that they are slightly sleep deprived and would like to refocus on their sleep levels then how about considering a routine where for two evenings a week you make a conscious effort to relax, unwind and go to bed with enough time to get a full 8 hours sleep?
This should help restore your sleep levels and help write off recently accumulated sleep debt.
The other 5 nights would then mean a 'normal' bedtime. Please note the word normal there - this does not mean staying up later than usual, just as on the 5:2 diet a non-fast day means to eat normally, not over indulge!

Really enjoy those two nights and pamper yourself into unwinding and relaxing. Just as when fasting for only 24 hours you can tell your 'Hungry Self' that you will eat tomorrow, you can tell your 'Busy Self' that you will do the chores, the projects etc tomorrow. You will also have the added bonus of being more rested and so be able to perform any tasks or projects more efficiently and quickly.

Setting a target of 2 early nights a week also seems more achievable and focused than a general sweeping statement of 'I must get more sleep.' and using the 5:2 principle you can chose which nights of the week you do this to fit in round your lifestyle.

So why not give it a go and see if you can have a 5:2 Sleep fest too!

Sweet dreams!

Pamper yourself to sleep

I don't know about you but I hate rules and guidelines, I find them very restrictive even if they are trying to help me. When it comes to getting a good night's sleep there seem to be loads of them and they can seem quite strict and very forbidding! Take these for example

- stop drinking caffeine in the afternoons
- set up a bedtime routine
-switch off technology an hour before bed time


One of the tricks that I learnt about sleeping well was to change these round in my head, so that they seemed as if I was pampering myself. And I was, because a good night's sleep is an affordable luxury in this fast paced world!

Mentally rephrasing the above statements I came to these conclusions

Why not try drinking herbal teas instead of tea or coffee? When my doctor told me to come off caffeine I found it really hard and felt deprived, and still allowed myself a morning cup of tea. I explored the world of 'decaffeinated' but just felt as if I was being let down as it didn't taste quite right. After a while I came to realize that as herbal teas tasted nothing like real tea it was just a different taste and not a substitute, this helped me a lot. I then discovered that herbal teas did actually have a lot of health benefits and help my body in more ways than just caffeine elimination. Check this page for more information.  Now when people start to make sympathetic faces when I say 'I don't do caffeine', I have to stop them as I genuinely do not feel deprived but feel as if I am making healthy choices for my body.

How about having a bath before you go to bed? This is a lovely bit of pampering, I add some bath salts or oils, dim the lights/use candles, play soothing music to really help me relax and unwind. Then using lovely creams and oils to moisturise my skin and body afterwards and slipping into clean, fresh smelling pj's all adds to the luxurious, pampering feeling. It also means that I have an easily enforced no screen time before bed too! I have a bath whenever I have to get up really early the next morning and see it as a treat not part of a strict routine.

If you are a couple or family why not start having 'Family Time' together each evening? Yes, this means turning off computers, ipads etc so that you interact together in the the last couple of hours before bedtime. Play games, read books aloud, watch a film together (the TV screen is less stimulating for your eyes and brain than a computer/phone screen.) Quality time with your family or partner is always a great feel good session and this way has so many added health benefits as well.

I hope these ideas have given you food for thought on how to pamper yourself a little each day to enable yourself to relax and unwind before bedtime!

Sweet dreams. 

The 10 o'clock happy train

The other day I was reading Marci Shimoff's Happy For No Reason. It's a great book, and highly recommended, all about how to gain inner happiness, a happiness that is not dependent on external circumstances.

In one of the chapters Marci suggested a process called the 10 o'clock happy train and I thought it was such a lovely idea I had to share it with you. It is also a very simple idea, easy to implement and has great benefits.

Marci suggests it as a way of boosting your energy and therefore your happiness levels. It's a two step process

1 - Make the promise to yourself to get to bed by 10 pm for three days in a row

2 - Do it!

That's it. So simple.

Sleep is so low on the list of priorities in this modern world, there is so much to do that skipping half an hour or so of sleep here and there seems the easiest thing to do to enable us to fit more into our lives. It appears to have no immediate effect, we feel fine the next day and, even if a little groggy, we cope well. Over time though these things build up and we get grumpier and less able to cope. Marci's book focuses on happiness and that being tired and grumpy is not going to help your happiness levels, so committing to go to bed earlier will help by restoring some of your sleep debt. After 3 nights of restorative sleep you will have greater energy levels, feel ready to cope with anything and feel happier as well.

So, who wants to try this and see what happens to their energy and happiness levels? It may mean not checking your emails one last time, or recording that late night TV programme you want to catch but the benefits will outweigh the things you 'miss out' on!
I was on holiday last week and burnt the candle at both ends, so will be committing to the 10 o'clock happy train for the next 3 nights. Anyone else want to commit as well?

Sweet dreams.

Tips to improve your beauty sleep!

Everyone has heard of the term 'Beauty Sleep' and there has been scientific research to show that sleep deprivation will impact your physical appearance.

I remember my Grandmother telling me that an hour's sleep before midnight was worth two after. I'm not sure how true that is, however there are a few ways that you can further boost your physical looks while you are sleeping, how great is that?
Great results - minimum effort!

Feet and hands - While working in childcare, I needed to wash my hands frequently throughout the day, leading to dry, chapped hands. I'm sure there are plenty of other professions that cause your skin to dry out too. Before going to bed rub a generous amount of cream (or oil) onto your hands and feet and then put on a pair of cotton socks and/or gloves. Really be generous with the cream as over night it will sink into your skin and when you wake your hands will be soft and ready to face another day.

Hair - If you treat yourself to a deep conditioning treatment at the hairdressers then the treatment can only be left in for a short while, whereas if you put a treatment on at home, it can be left on for several hours overnight. There are plenty of hair serums that you can buy especially for this or you can try making one of your own. Make sure you cover the pillowcase with a towel before going to sleep.

Face - Of course one of the best ways of having healthy looking, glowing skin is to eat well, drink several glasses of water a day and, of course, get plenty of sleep but if you suffer a kin breakout then try here for some simple remedies to help clear your skin overnight.

Skin - when having your pre-bed bath, take the time to dry bush your body first to remove all the dead skin cells. Then after your bath, massage some oil or an oil based product into damp skin to keep in the moisture. Even better - how about using one with lavender essential oil to help you drift off to sleep.

So why not try one or two of these suggestions to help boost the power of your beauty sleep! 

The second sleep

Do you often wake in the night and find it difficult to go back to sleep straight away?
Maybe it's not because you're a freak or different but because we are genetically programmed to do this!

There has been a lot of interest recently (with articles by the BBC, the Times and The Guardian amongst others) about 'the second sleep' and it seems that the human brain is actually programmed to sleep in two four hour chunks.

Research in the 1990's took volunteers and put them in 14 hours of darkness each day. After a few weeks the volunteers had started to sleep in two 4 hour blocks with a one to two hour period of being awake in the middle. despite being of great interest to sleep scientists, the belief that an eight hour block of sleep being the norm has persisted.

Then 2005, historian Roger Ekirch published a book called At Day's Close: Night in Times Past, where he draws on his research where he found over 500 references to segmented sleep in books, in diaries, court records, medical books and literature. what he found interesting was the way in which the references to this sleep pattern were made - as if it was totally normal and that everyone did it.

It seems that the labourers would come home from the work, have something to eat then go to bed - usually because they were really tired! Then approx 4 hours later they would wake up and do things! It was a time for conversation, for prayer, visiting the neighbours, having sex etc. Then they would go to bed and have a second sleep, and wake at dawn ready for another days work.
A doctor's manual from 16th Century France even advised couples that the best time to conceive was not at the end of a long day's labour but "after the first sleep", when "they have more enjoyment" and "do it better".

Ekirch found that references to the segmented sleep dwindle from the 17th Century onwards and links this to social change, the shift to living in cities and eventually the increase in street and domestic lighting, which helped develop a leaning towards socialising in the evening and pushed sleep into one later block of up to 8 hours.

Though the majority of people have adapted to sleeping in one 8 hour block, sleep researchers now think that this could be the root cause of sleep maintenance insomnia, where sufferers wake during the night. It is helpful to realise that most people do wake in the night but that most do not remember it, whereas an insomnia suffer, who is already stressed about lack of sleep, may become more anxious at waking and take longer to fall back asleep. For these people it the realisation that it is not some abnormality but in fact genetic programming may help them and their anxieties around sleep.

In fact, if we look there is still evidence of this segmented sleep around us. Babies who need to wake in the night for feeding, toddlers who still need an afternoon nap, and in hotter climates - an afternoon siesta during the heat of the day, followed by working later in the cool of the evening. The modern world with 24 hour electricity and an unbroken day work ethic actually is encroaching on our sleep patterns even more.

So maybe for those of us who do wake in the night, we need to be celebrating this fact - that we are more in tune with nature and our bodies, that we can use this period of wakefulness for contemplation, meditation and destress (just like our forefathers used the time for prayer and relaxation). Since I found out about segmented sleep a few months ago, I am more relaxed about waking in the night and call it my 'throwback'. Ironically, since being more relaxed about night time waking, I sleep better!

Please comment below if you are a segmented sleeper or have issues around night time waking, I'd love to know your thoughts.

Sweet dreams!

Pillow Talk!

Did you know that you should replace your pillows every two to three years? Nope, me neither! I was looking into this the other day and there seems to be quite an online debate about this, but the general rule of thumb seems to be that if it's not giving you support then it should go. It also seems that synthetic pillows wear out more quickly than feather ones.

In order to stop those pesky little dust mites taking over, then they should be washed and tumbled dried every few months and special pillow protectors will also help cut down on allergens and mites as well as extend the life of your pillows.

If you are looking at replacing your pillows then what sort should you go for? It seems that there is a type for every kind of sleeper. Even hotels are getting in on the act these days and have pillow menus for you to choose from. It is important to get a pillow that meets your needs as something as simple as giving your head and neck the correct support will help improve your sleep.

This week I'll look at different pillow shapes and next week we can look at different fillings, to help you choose the correct pillow for you.

Traditional rectangular pillows
These pillows suit a lot of people. You should check how firm and how high it is, if it is too high and has no give it will distort your neck and be uncomfortable to sleep on. If you sleep on your front, you should choose a thin pillow (you may even not need a pillow at all). Natural fillings can be pushed and molded to provide support where you need it.

Contoured rectangular pillows
I changed to one of these a few years ago and really miss it if I am traveling! These tend to cradle the head by having a dip in the middle and a high edge to support the neck. These suit people who sleep on their sides or back and ensure the spine is in alignment all the way through the neck and down the back. They do come with different fillings providing firm to medium support.

V shaped pillows
These offer great support if you need to sleep in a more upright position and can help aid sleep if you have a chest complaint or acid reflux. They are also popular amongst pregnant and breast feeding women.

Bolster pillows

These are long thin tubes that come in various lengths and fillings. They can be molded around your body and support you in a variety of ways. They are a classic means of supporting the neck but can also be used by a side sleeper, being tucked between the knees (to stop them rubbing), and by pregnant women (supporting the abdomen). If you sleep on your back, then a smaller one can be used tucked under your knees to relieve pressure on the back.
My friend used one when on holiday in Morocco and found it helped his sleep so much he brought one when he got home.

Boyfriend pillow
Ok - this one is a bit of a novelty factor, but does provide support for a side sleeper!

And before I get accused of sexism - here's the male version, a lap pillow!

As I mentioned, I use a contoured pillow for my head but also have a down pillow that I hug!
What is your favourite pillow type, what works best for you?
Please use the comment box below and pass on any pillow tips!

Until next week.

Sweet dreams

Sleep deprivation

First of all, let me apologize for an absence of posts lately, I have been busy setting things up for my sleep coaching business, please check out my website, where you have access to a free guided meditation to help you sleep! Things are now back under control and I have more time to write blog posts!

I had an interesting conversation with a friend last night, actually that should be this morning, as it was around 1am, I am, as I have said before a night owl!

He brought up the fact that he wasn't an insomniac however he did not get enough sleep as he was always doing 'one more thing' before bed. He also mentioned the internet as being a big cause of this!

This got me thinking, we have heard a lot about how insomnia can lead to big health problems including weight gain, diabetes, stress, high blood pressure etc, but what does the effect of sleep deprivation have on health? In some ways insomnia and deliberate sleep deprivation are the same thing and a quick search through the internet reveals that yes, they do both have the same effect on your body.
So if you are someone who goes to bed late and therefore does not get enough sleep please read on for three surprising affects that may help you make more of an effort to go to bed on time!

It ages your skin. It seems that the term 'Beauty Sleep' holds true, and this should be enough to get everyone rushing in to bed to catch up on their zzzzzzz's. The first thing you notice is red and puffy eyes as well as grey rings under your eyes, and it can also lead to the development of fine lines. However lack of sleep also has more long term damage. When you don’t get enough sleep, your body releases more of the stress hormone cortisol. In excess amounts, cortisol can break down skin collagen, the protein that keeps skin smooth and elastic.
Sleep loss also causes the body to release too little human growth hormone. When we’re young, human growth hormone promotes growth. As we age, it helps increase muscle mass, thicken skin, and strengthen bones. It is in deep sleep when the growth hormone repairs the tissues in the body, are you getting enough deep sleep?

It makes you forgetful. Want to remain sharp and focused? Try getting plenty of sleep. Researchers determined that brain events called “sharp wave ripples” are responsible for consolidating memory. The ripples also transfer learned information from the hippocampus to the neocortex of the brain, where long-term memories are stored. Sharp wave ripples occur mostly during the deepest levels of sleep.

It impairs your judgment, especially about how much sleep you need! Lack of sleep can affect our interpretation of events. This hurts our ability to make sound judgments because we may not assess situations accurately and act on them wisely.
Sleep-deprived people seem to be especially prone to poor judgment when it comes to assessing what lack of sleep is doing to them. In our increasingly fast-paced world, functioning on less sleep has become a kind of badge of honor. However even if you think you’re doing fine on less sleep, you’re probably wrong. Studies have shown that even if you think your body has adapted to only six hours sleep, tests on mental alertness and performance show that is not the case.

So, if you wear your lack of sleep as a badge of honour, ask yourself is it really worth staying up to watch that tv show? Do you actually need to check that one last thing on the internet?
How about being kind to yourself and going to bed on time, aiming for 7 to 8 hours sleep, so you can wake up bright eyed and bushy tailed - ready to face the day! Check out my previous post about setting up a great bedtime routine to help you make the most of your sleep.

Sweet dreams!